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Pneumonia

Infectious Diseases
32
Pipeline Programs
30
Companies
50
Clinical Trials
3
Approved Products

Pipeline by Development Stage

Preclinical
Phase 1
Phase 1/2
Phase 2
Phase 2/3
Phase 3
On Market
0
6
0
6
0
11
9
Early DiscoveryClinical DevelopmentMarket

Drug Modality Breakdown

Small Molecule
867%
Vaccine
433%
+ 57 programs with unclassified modality

Infectious Diseases is an $11.9B market dominated by HIV and hepatitis C treatments in their peak revenue phases, reflecting a mature but stable therapeutic area.

$11.9B marketMature→ Stable30 products15 companies

Key Trends

  • HIV antiretroviral dominance: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors account for 44% of spending
  • Patent cliff pressure: $2.8B in revenue from major products facing LOE between 2027–2031
  • High trial velocity: 9,337 active trials indicate sustained pipeline development despite market maturity

Career Verdict

Infectious Diseases offers stable, well-compensated roles with strong commercial demand, but limited growth upside—ideal for risk-averse professionals seeking established franchises rather than high-growth opportunities.

AI-generated market analysis based on FDA, CMS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and hiring data

Market Leaders

#1BIKTARVYStable
$3.2B
Gilead Sciences·Peak10.5yr
#2EPCLUSAStable
$877M
Gilead Sciences·Peak8.2yr
#3TIVICAYDeclining
$657M
GSK·Peak4.1yr
#4TRIUMEQDeclining
$632M
GSK·Peak4.1yr
#5GENVOYAStable
$626M
Gilead Sciences·Peak6.9yr

Drug Class Breakdown

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
$5.2B(44%)

backbone of HIV treatment, stable demand

RNA Replicase Inhibitors
$1.8B(15%)

hepatitis C treatment, mature market

Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitors
$1.4B(12%)

boosting agents in combination regimens

P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors
$343M(3%)

niche mechanism, limited growth

Career Outlook

Stable

Infectious Diseases offers predictable career progression and above-average compensation in Commercial roles, supported by 780 current openings and sustained demand from market incumbents. However, patent cliffs affecting $2.8B in near-term revenue (2027–2031) will compress margins and slow hiring after 2028, particularly in Commercial support and field-based roles. The area is best suited for mid-career professionals seeking stability over rapid growth, with limited appeal for early-career scientists pursuing innovation-driven research.

Breaking In

Enter via Commercial or Manufacturing roles at GSK, Sanofi, or Becton Dickinson to build market expertise and commanding salaries ($160K–$237K); avoid pure R&D tracks unless you target specific mechanisms like long-acting injectables.

For Experienced Professionals

Experienced professionals should pursue Market Access, Medical Affairs, or Commercial Leadership roles where patent cliff expertise commands premium compensation; consider consulting or biotech transition if R&D innovation is your priority.

In-Demand Skills

Market access and payer strategyBrand management in generic-transition environmentsManufacturing scale-up and supply chain optimizationMedical science liaison (MSL) capabilities for physician engagementHealth economics and real-world outcomes analysis

Best For

Brand ManagerMarket Access ManagerMedical Science LiaisonSales DirectorManufacturing EngineerHealth Economics Analyst

Hiring Landscape

$160K–$275K

Infectious Diseases hiring is heavily weighted toward Commercial roles (247 positions, 32% of total), reflecting mature market dynamics focused on market access and brand management. GSK and Becton Dickinson lead hiring (214 and 188 roles), but Gilead Sciences—the market leader by revenue—shows surprisingly low hiring (25 roles), signaling efficiency-driven operations. Salary progression favors Commercial ($275K avg) over R&D ($184K avg), indicating career acceleration through sales and marketing functions.

780
Open Roles
5
Companies Hiring
4
Departments

Top Hiring Companies

214Growing
100Stable
61Stable
51Growing

By Department

Commercial(32%)
$275K
Engineering(16%)
$237K
Manufacturing(14%)
$160K
Research & Development(9%)
$184K

Strong Commercial hiring with premium salaries suggests Infectious Diseases is an excellent landing spot for brand, sales, and market access professionals, but limited R&D hiring indicates reduced innovation investment.

On Market (3)

Approved therapies currently available

Bayer
CIPROApproved
ciprofloxacin
Bayer
oral1997
396K Part D
Pfizer
ZYVOXApproved
linezolid
Pfizer
Oxazolidinone Antibacterial [EPC]intravenous2000
7K Part D
Pfizer
LINEZOLID IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% IN PLASTIC CONTAINERApproved
linezolid
Pfizer
Oxazolidinone Antibacterial [EPC]intravenous2015

Competitive Landscape

34 companies ranked by most advanced pipeline stage

Pfizer
PfizerNEW YORK, NY
11 programs
1
1
LinezolidPhase 41 trial
MERREM I.V. 2g as a 3 hour infusion every 8 hoursPhase 31 trial
Costs, Health Status and Outcomes of CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia)N/A1 trial
Diagnostic test on urine samplesN/A1 trial
Lebanese Interhospital Pneumococcal Surveillance ProgramN/A1 trial
+6 more programs
Active Trials
NCT00812084Completed48,634Est. Oct 2014
NCT05452941Recruiting12,500Est. Jun 2027
NCT00901602Recruiting700Est. Oct 2030
+7 more trials
Bayer
BayerLEVERKUSEN, Germany
8 programs
2
3
1
AveloxPhase 41 trial
AveloxPhase 31 trial
AveloxPhase 31 trial
CiprofloxacinPhase 3Small Molecule1 trial
AmikacinPhase 2
+3 more programs
Active Trials
NCT00987792Completed2,595Est. Oct 2012
NCT01416506Completed560Est. Jan 2013
NCT00717561Completed60Est. Jun 2009
+3 more trials
MSD
MSDIreland - Ballydine
3 programs
1
Ceftolozane / Tazobactam InjectionPhase 41 trial
Microbiology and Clinical Outcome of PneumoniaN/A1 trial
Surveillance of Non-invasive Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in BelgiumN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT00873522Unknown2,600Est. Mar 2010
NCT04447521Unknown3,600Est. Dec 2025
NCT04673175Terminated17Est. Mar 2025
Sharp Therapeutics
Sharp TherapeuticsPA - Pittsburgh
3 programs
1
Ceftolozane / Tazobactam InjectionPhase 4
Microbiology and Clinical Outcome of PneumoniaN/A
Surveillance of Non-invasive Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in BelgiumN/A
Human BioSciences
1
AzithromycinPhase 41 trial
Active Trials
NCT02414399Unknown1,400Est. Dec 2025
Genentech
GenentechCA - Oceanside
1 program
1
ceftriaxonePhase 41 trial
Active Trials
NCT00374959Completed80Est. Oct 2003
TaiGen Biotechnology
1
1
LevofloxacinPhase 3Small Molecule
Nemonoxacin 500 mgPhase 21 trial
Active Trials
NCT01944774Completed207Est. Dec 2013
Innovation Pharmaceuticals
1 program
1
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [Prevenar13®] plus tetanus toxoidPhase 3Vaccine1 trial
Active Trials
NCT02628886Unknown600Est. Dec 2020
Baxter
BaxterCosta Rica - Cartago
1 program
1
L bupivacainePhase 3
Abbott
AbbottABBOTT PARK, IL
1 program
1
L bupivacainePhase 31 trial
Active Trials
NCT01648777Completed1,502Est. Jan 2015
Sandoz
SandozAustria - Kundl
1 program
1
TifacoginPhase 3
Applied Medical
Applied MedicalCA - Rancho Santa Margarita
1 program
1
ZincPhase 34 trials
Active Trials
NCT00252304Completed641Est. Jul 2008
NCT00495690Completed2,012Est. May 2008
NCT00148733Completed2,628Est. Jan 2008
+1 more trials
Basilea Pharmaceutica
Basilea PharmaceuticaSwitzerland - Allschwil
1 program
1
ceftobiprolePhase 35 trials
Active Trials
NCT00505258Withdrawn0Est. Apr 2009
NCT06808646Completed12Est. Feb 2025
NCT05856227Completed9Est. Dec 2024
+2 more trials
CalciMedica
CalciMedicaLA JOLLA, CA
3 programs
3
AuxoraPhase 21 trial
AuxoraPhase 21 trial
CM4620-IEPhase 21 trial
Active Trials
NCT04345614Completed314Est. Jul 2021
NCT05171920Withdrawn0Est. Jul 2022
NCT04661540Terminated10Est. Dec 2021
UNION therapeutics
1
FLAMODPhase 11 trial
Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Based on Metagenomics Analyses in Pneumonia PatientsN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT06566898Recruiting800Est. Sep 2026
NCT06681402Completed46Est. Apr 2026
Utah Medical
Utah MedicalIreland - Dublin
2 programs
1
AmoxicillinPhase 11 trial
bubble continuous positive airway pressureN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT02484183Terminated646Est. Apr 2018
NCT04963764Completed5Est. May 2022
CanSino Biologics
CanSino BiologicsChina - Tianjin
2 programs
2
PBPVPhase 11 trial
Protein based pneumococcal vaccinePhase 1Vaccine1 trial
Active Trials
NCT05622942Completed60Est. Jan 2024
NCT04087460Completed120Est. Jun 2022
Biocorp
BiocorpFrance - Issoire
1 program
1
23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePhase 1Vaccine1 trial
Active Trials
NCT05815264Completed144Est. Apr 2021
Combioxin
1 program
1
CAL02 Low-dosePhase 11 trial
Active Trials
NCT02583373Completed19Est. Feb 2018
Merck & Co.
Merck & Co.RAHWAY, NJ
3 programs
Microbiology and Clinical Outcome of PneumoniaN/A
Surveillance of Non-invasive Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections in BelgiumN/A
Ceftolozane / Tazobactam InjectionPHASE_4
Johnson & Johnson
Johnson & JohnsonNEW BRUNSWICK, NJ
3 programs
levofloxacinPHASE_2_3Small Molecule
doripenemPHASE_31 trial
doripenemPHASE_31 trial
Active Trials
NCT00211016Completed318Est. Oct 2006
NCT00211003Completed240Est. Oct 2006
City Therapeutics
City TherapeuticsMA - Cambridge
2 programs
LactateN/A1 trial
Osteopathic Manipulative TreatmentN/A
Active Trials
NCT04826848CompletedEst. Dec 2019
Nektar Therapeutics
Nektar TherapeuticsSAN FRANCISCO, CA
2 programs
AmikacinPHASE_21 trial
Amikacin inhalation solutionPHASE_21 trial
Active Trials
NCT01004445Completed69Est. Jun 2006
NCT01021436Completed30Est. Aug 2007
Ortho Development
levofloxacinPHASE_2_3Small Molecule1 trial
levofloxacinPHASE_3Small Molecule1 trial
Active Trials
NCT00257049Completed604Est. Jan 1995
NCT00236821Completed530Est. Jun 2002
Sanofi
SanofiPARIS, France
2 programs
LevofloxacinPHASE_3Small Molecule1 trial
TelithromycinPHASE_31 trial
Active Trials
NCT00253955Completed460Est. Nov 2007
NCT00638859Completed56Est. Oct 2004
Connect Biopharma
Connect BiopharmaSAN DIEGO, CA
1 program
Home hospitalizationN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT02864420Completed21Est. Dec 2016
Angeles Therapeutics
Angeles TherapeuticsCA - Los Angeles
1 program
Next Day ClinicN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT06526884Active Not Recruiting1,080Est. Apr 2026
Colorado Therapeutics
Colorado TherapeuticsCO - Louisville
1 program
Osteopathic Manipulative TreatmentN/A1 trial
Active Trials
NCT00258661Completed406Est. Apr 2007
Allergy Therapeutics
Allergy TherapeuticsUK - West Sussex
1 program
Interferon GammaPHASE_24 trials
Active Trials
NCT00111397Completed2Est. Aug 2010
NCT00001905Completed5Est. Mar 2002
NCT00001407Completed30Est. May 2003
+1 more trials
PTC Therapeutics
1 program
PTC299PHASE_2_31 trial
Active Trials
NCT04439071Terminated189Est. Jul 2022

+4 more companies

Trial Timeline

Clinical trial activity over time

2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
MSDCeftolozane / Tazobactam Injection
Human BioSciencesAzithromycin
PfizerLinezolid
BayerAvelox
Genentechceftriaxone
Basilea Pharmaceuticaceftobiprole
Basilea Pharmaceuticaceftobiprole
Basilea Pharmaceuticaceftobiprole
Innovation Pharmaceuticals13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [Prevenar13®] plus tetanus toxoid
BayerCiprofloxacin
AbbottL bupivacaine
ParexelLevofloxacin
BayerAvelox
Basilea Pharmaceuticaceftobiprole
Basilea Pharmaceuticaceftobiprole

Showing 15 of 50 trials with date data

Clinical Trials (50)

Total enrollment: 19,886 patients across 50 trials

NCT04673175MSDCeftolozane / Tazobactam Injection

Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for Directed Treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteremia and Pneumonia in Patients With Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Start: Jan 2023Est. completion: Mar 202517 patients
Phase 4Terminated

Azithromycin to Prevent Post-discharge Morbidity and Mortality in Kenyan Children

Start: Jun 2016Est. completion: Dec 20251,400 patients
Phase 4Unknown

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Linezolid Administered Intravenously in MRSA-positive, Morbidly Obese Patients With Pneumonia

Start: Feb 2013Est. completion: Sep 201615 patients
Phase 4Completed

Avelox for Treatment of Elderly Patients With Community Acquired Pneumonia

Start: Nov 2002Est. completion: Apr 2004401 patients
Phase 4Completed

Prevention of Pneumonia Comparing Ceftriaxone With Subglottic Aspiration

Start: Oct 2000Est. completion: Oct 200380 patients
Phase 4Completed

Late-onset Sepsis in Term and Pre-term Neonates and Infants up to 3 Months of Age

Start: Aug 2023Est. completion: Dec 20249 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Start: Feb 2018Est. completion: Apr 2019679 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Pediatric Patients With Pneumonia

Start: Nov 2017Est. completion: Mar 2020138 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT02628886Innovation Pharmaceuticals13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [Prevenar13®] plus tetanus toxoid

Protecting From Pneumococcus in Early Life (The PROPEL Trial)

Start: Mar 2016Est. completion: Dec 2020600 patients
Phase 3Unknown
NCT01561794BayerCiprofloxacin

A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of BAYQ3939 in Patients With Bacterial Pneumonia

Start: May 2012Est. completion: Mar 201544 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT01648777AbbottL bupivacaine

Catheter Outcomes With Sternotomy Cardiac Operated

Start: Mar 2012Est. completion: Jan 20151,502 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT01529476ParexelLevofloxacin

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration With Nemonoxacin and Levofloxacin in Patients With CAP

Start: Apr 2011Est. completion: Dec 2012540 patients
Phase 3Completed

A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of IV/PO Moxifloxacin in Subjects With Community-acquired Pneumonia

Start: Feb 2008Est. completion: Jun 200960 patients
Phase 3Completed

A Study of Ceftobiprole in Patients With Fever and Neutropenia.

Start: Oct 2007Est. completion: Jan 20082 patients
Phase 3Terminated

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Start: Jun 2006Est. completion: Jul 2007638 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

Start: Nov 2005Est. completion: May 2007106 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Start: Sep 2005Est. completion: Oct 2006828 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

Start: Apr 2005Est. completion: May 2007781 patients
Phase 3Completed

Impact of Daily Zinc Supplementation to Infants Born With Low Birth Weight on Death and Severe Disease

Start: Nov 2004Est. completion: May 20082,012 patients
Phase 3Completed

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Skin and Skin Structure Infections

Start: Oct 2004Est. completion: Dec 2005784 patients
Phase 3Completed

Doripenem in the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Start: Aug 2004Est. completion: Oct 2006318 patients
Phase 3Completed

Doripenem in the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Start: May 2004Est. completion: Oct 2006240 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT00638859SanofiTelithromycin

Japanese Study Evaluating the Effects of Telithromycin in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Start: Mar 2004Est. completion: Oct 200456 patients
Phase 3Completed

Efficacy and Safety of Sequential IV/PO Moxifloxacin in Comparison to IV Levofloxacin Plus IV Ceftriaxone Followed by PO Levofloxacin, in the Treatment of Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia

Start: Jan 2004Est. completion: Jul 2005738 patients
Phase 3Completed

Venticute in Patients With Pneumonia or Aspiration of Gastric Contents and Intubation/Ventilation/Oxygenation Impairment (BY2001/M1-007)

Start: Nov 2003Est. completion: Jun 20081,200 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT00253955SanofiLevofloxacin

Study to Demonstrate the Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Pneumonia

Start: Jun 2003Est. completion: Nov 2007460 patients
Phase 3Completed
NCT00050401PfizerMERREM I.V. 2g as a 3 hour infusion every 8 hours

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia/Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Mechanical Ventilatory Support

Start: Jul 2002Est. completion: Sep 2004500 patients
Phase 3Completed

A Study to Compare the Safety and Effectiveness of 2 Doses of Levofloxacin Given for Different Time Periods in Patients With Pneumonia

Start: Mar 2001Est. completion: Jun 2002530 patients
Phase 3Completed

A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of PTC299 (Emvododstat) in Hospitalized Participants With Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Start: Jul 2020Est. completion: Jul 2022189 patients
Phase 2/3Terminated

Therapeutic Zinc in Childhood Pneumonia

Start: Jan 2006Est. completion: Jul 2008641 patients
Phase 2/3Completed

CHIZAP: Community- and Health Facility-Based Intervention With Zinc as Adjuvant Therapy for Childhood Pneumonia

Start: Jan 2004Est. completion: Jan 20082,628 patients
Phase 2/3Completed

A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Levofloxacin Compared With Ceftriaxone Sodium or Cefuroxime Axetil in the Treatment of Adults With Pneumonia

Start: Jan 1984Est. completion: Jan 1995604 patients
Phase 2/3Completed

Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

Est. completion: Apr 20090
Phase 2Withdrawn

A Placebo-Controlled Study of Auxora for the Extended Treatment of High- Risk Patients With Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia

Start: Jan 2022Est. completion: Jul 20220
Phase 2Withdrawn

A Study of Auxora in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia

Start: Mar 2021Est. completion: Dec 202110 patients
Phase 2Terminated

A Study of Auxora in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

Start: Apr 2020Est. completion: Jul 2021314 patients
Phase 2Completed

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Infusion With Nemonoxacin Malate Sodium Chloride

Start: Mar 2013Est. completion: Dec 2013207 patients
Phase 2Completed
NCT01021436Nektar TherapeuticsAmikacin inhalation solution

Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Aerosolized Amikacin in Intubated and Mechanically-ventilated Patients With Nosocomial Pneumonia

Start: Mar 2007Est. completion: Aug 200730 patients
Phase 2Completed

A Study to Determine the Correct Dose of Amikacin Which is Delivered Directly to the Lungs of Ventilated Patients as an Aerosol Via an Investigational Device Called the Pulmonary Delivery Device System (PDDS)

Start: May 2005Est. completion: Jun 200669 patients
Phase 2Completed

Interferon Gamma to Treat Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I

Start: Apr 1999Est. completion: Mar 20025 patients
Phase 2Completed

Interferon Gamma for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Start: May 1994Est. completion: May 200330 patients
Phase 2Completed

Treatment of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections With Interferon Gamma

Start: Aug 1992Est. completion: Nov 200060 patients
Phase 2Completed

Phase I Single-blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Local Immune Activation of a Toll-like Receptor 5 Agonist (FLAMOD) Administered by Aerosol

Start: Apr 2025Est. completion: Apr 202646 patients
Phase 1Completed

A Study to Assess the Effect of Ceftobiprole on the PK of Pitavastatin and on Plasma Levels of Coproporphyrin

Start: Jan 2025Est. completion: Feb 202512 patients
Phase 1Completed

Clinical Trial of Recombinant Pneumococcal Protein Vaccine

Start: Mar 2023Est. completion: Jan 202460 patients
Phase 1Completed

Procalcitonin to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Pneumonia

Start: Oct 2021Est. completion: May 20225 patients
Phase 1Completed
NCT05815264Biocorp23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Clinical Trial of 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Healthy Chinese Population Aged 2 Years and Above

Start: Sep 2020Est. completion: Apr 2021144 patients
Phase 1Completed
NCT04087460CanSino BiologicsProtein based pneumococcal vaccine

Phase Ⅰa Clinical Trial of a Pneumococcal Vaccine

Start: Apr 2020Est. completion: Jun 2022120 patients
Phase 1Completed

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftobiprole in Neonates and Infants up to 3 Months Treated With Systemic Antibiotics

Start: Nov 2016Est. completion: Feb 202015 patients
Phase 1Terminated
NCT02583373CombioxinCAL02 Low-dose

Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Pharmacodynamics of CAL02 in Severe Pneumonia Caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Start: Mar 2016Est. completion: Feb 201819 patients
Phase 1Completed

Related Jobs in Infectious Diseases

Phase Legend

PreclinicalLab & animal studies
Phase 1Safety & dosing
Phase 2Efficacy testing
Phase 3Large-scale trials
On MarketApproved & available

Key Insights

11 late-stage (Phase 3) programs, potential near-term approvals
30 companies competing in this space

The information on this page is for informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Drug information is sourced from FDA, DailyMed, and other government databases. Adverse event data from FAERS does not establish causation. Always consult a healthcare professional for medical decisions.