Viatris (2)

China - Shanghai

Biotechnology

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Focus: Small Molecules, Generics

Viatris (2) is a life sciences company focused on Small Molecules, Generics.

OncologyCardiovascularNeurologyInfectious DiseasesImmunology

Funding Stage

PUBLIC

Open Jobs

292

Products & Portfolio (34)

16 discontinued products not shown

ABACAVIR AND LAMIVUDINE

abacavir; lamivudine

Pre-Launch

ORAL SUSPENSION · TABLET

HIV-1 [see ] .

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectioncombination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

12.1 Mechanism of Action Abacavir is an antiretroviral agent [see ]. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics in Adults The pharmacokinetic properties of abacavir were independent of dose over the range of 300 to 1,200 mg per day. Absorption Following oral administration, abacavir is rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed. The geometric mean absolute bioavailability of the tablet was 83%. Plasma abacavir AUC was similar following administration of the oral solution or tablets. After oral administration of 300 mg twice daily in 20 subjects, the steady-state peak serum abacavir concentration (C max ) was 3.0 ± 0.89 mcg per mL (mean ± SD) and AUC (0-12 h) was 6.02 ± 1.73 mcg•hour per mL. After oral administration of a single dose of 600 mg of abacavir in 20 subjects, C max was 4.26 ± 1.19 mcg per mL (mean ± SD) and AUC ∞ was 11.95 ± 2.51 mcg•hour per mL. Effect of Food Bioavailability of abacavir tablets was assessed in the fasting and fed states with no significant difference in systemic exposure (AUC ∞ ); therefore, abacavir tablets may be administered with or without food. Systemic exposure to abacavir was comparable after administration of abacavir oral solution and abacavir tablets. Therefore, these products may be used interchangeably. Distribution The apparent volume of distribution after IV administration of abacavir was 0.86 ± 0.15 L per kg, suggesting that abacavir distributes into extravascular space. In 3 subjects, the CSF AUC (0-6 h) to plasma abacavir AUC (0-6 h) ratio ranged from 27% to 33%. Binding of abacavir to human plasma proteins is approximately 50% and was independent of concentration. Total blood and plasma drug-related radioactivity concentrations are identical, demonstrating that abacavir readily distributes into erythrocytes. Elimination In single-dose trials, the observed elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) was 1.54 ± 0.63 hours. After intravenous administration, total clearance was 0.80 ± 0.24 L per hour per kg (mean ± SD). Metabolism In humans, abacavir is not significantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The primary routes of elimination of abacavir are metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase to form the 5′-carboxylic acid and glucuronyl transferase to form the 5′-glucuronide. The metabolites do not have antiviral activity. In vitro experiments reveal that abacavir does not inhibit human CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP2C9 activity at clinically relevant concentrations. Excretion Elimination of abacavir was quantified in a mass balance trial following administration of a 600-mg dose of C-abacavir: 99% of the radioactivity was recovered, 1.2% was excreted in the urine as abacavir, 30% as the 5′-carboxylic acid metabolite, 36% as the 5′-glucuronide metabolite, and 15% as unidentified minor metabolites in the urine. Fecal elimination accounted for 16% of the dose. Specific Populations Patients with Renal Impairment The pharmacokinetic properties of abacavir have not been determined in patients with impaired renal function. Renal

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infectioncombination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

2012

ABACAVIR SULFATE, LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE

abacavir sulfate; lamivudine; zidovudine

Pre-Launch

ORAL · TABLET

[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)] .

combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

ABACAVIR SULFATE; LAMIVUDINE

abacavir sulfate; lamivudine

Pre-Launch

ORAL · TABLET

fixed-dose combination of the HIV‑1 antiretroviral agents abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine [see Microbiology ()].

HIV-1 infection in adultsweighing at least 6 kg

abiraterone, an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, that inhibits 17 α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17). This enzyme is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues and is required for androgen biosynthesis. CYP17 catalyzes two sequential reactions: 1) the conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17α-hydroxy derivatives by 17α-hydroxylase activity and 2) the subsequent formation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione, respectively, by C17, 20 lyase activity. DHEA and androstenedione are androgens and are precursors of testosterone. Inhibition of CYP17 by abiraterone can also result in increased mineralocorticoid production by the adrenals [see ] . Androgen sensitive prostatic carcinoma responds to treatment that decreases androgen levels. Androgen deprivation therapies, such as treatment with GnRH agonists or orchiectomy, decrease androgen production in the testes but do not affect androgen production by the adrenals or in the tumor. Abiraterone acetate tablets decreased serum testosterone and other androgens in patients in the placebo-controlled clinical trial. It is not necessary to monitor the effect of abiraterone acetate tablets on serum testosterone levels. Changes in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels may be observed but have not been shown to correlate with clinical benefit in individual patients.

combination with prednisone for the treatment of patients with • metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)prostate cancer

2018

ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM

acamprosate calcium enteric-coated

Post-LOE

ORAL · TABLET, DELAYED RELEASE

understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypothesized to alter the normal balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. In vitro and in vivo studies in animals have provided evidence to suggest acamprosate may interact with glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems centrally, and has led to the hypothesis that acamprosate restores this balance.

INTRAVENOUS · SOLUTION

12.1 Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism of the analgesic and antipyretic properties of acetaminophen is not established but is thought to primarily involve central actions. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Acetaminophen has been shown to have analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal and human studies. Single doses of acetaminophen up to 3000 mg and repeated doses of 1000 mg every 6 hours for 48 hours have not been shown to cause a significant effect on platelet aggregation. Acetaminophen does not have any immediate or delayed effects on small-vessel hemostasis. Clinical studies of both healthy subjects and patients with hemophilia showed no significant changes in bleeding time after receiving multiple doses of oral acetaminophen. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Distribution The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen have been studied in patients and healthy subjects up to 60 years old. The pharmacokinetic profile of acetaminophen has been demonstrated to be dose proportional in adults following administration of single doses of 500, 650, and 1000 mg. The maximum concentration (C max ) occurs at the end of the 15 minute intravenous infusion of acetaminophen. Compared to the same dose of oral acetaminophen, the C max following administration of acetaminophen is up to 70% higher, while overall exposure (area under the concentration time curve [AUC]) is very similar. Pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen (AUC, C max , terminal elimination half-life [T ½ ], systemic clearance [CL], and volume of distribution at steady state [V ss ]) following administration of a single intravenous dose of 15 mg/kg in children and adolescents and 1000 mg in adults are summarized in Table 5. Table 5. Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetic Parameters Subpopulations Mean (SD) AUC 0-6h (mcg × h/mL) C max (mcg/mL) T ½ (h) CL (L/h/kg) V ss (L/kg) Children 38 (8) 29 (7) 3.0 (1.5) 0.34 (0.10) 1.2 (0.3) Adolescents 41 (7) 31 (9) 2.9 (0.7) 0.29 (0.08) 1.1 (0.3) Adults 43 (11) 28 (21) 2.4 (0.6) 0.27 (0.08) 0.8 (0.2) The concentrations of acetaminophen observed in neonates greater than 32 weeks gestational age at birth treated with 12.5 mg/kg dose are similar to infants, children and adolescents treated with a 15 mg/kg dose, and similar to adults treated with a 1000 mg dose. At therapeutic levels, binding of acetaminophen to plasma proteins is low (ranging from 10% to 25%). Acetaminophen appears to be widely distributed throughout most body tissues except fat. Metabolism and Excretion Acetaminophen is primarily metabolized in the liver by first-order kinetics and involves three principal separate pathways: Conjugation with glucuronide, conjugation with sulfate, and oxidation via the cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway, primarily CYP2E1, to form a reactive intermediate metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine or NAPQI). With therapeutic doses, NAPQI undergoes rapid conjugation with glutathione and is then further metabolized to form cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates. Acetaminophen metabolites a

mild to moderate pain in adultoldermoderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics in adult+2 more

INJECTION · INJECTABLE

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion (e.g., some types of glaucoma), in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders (e.g., epilepsy) and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention (e.g., cardiac edema). Acetazolamide is not a mercurial diuretic. Rather, it is a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide possessing a chemical structure and pharmacological activity distinctly different from the bacteriostatic sulfonamides. Acetazolamide is an enzyme inhibitor that acts specifically on carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In the eye, this inhibitory action of acetazolamide decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a drop in intraocular pressure, a reaction considered desirable in cases of glaucoma and even in certain nonglaucomatous conditions. Evidence seems to indicate that acetazolamide has utility as an adjuvant in the treatment of certain dysfunctions of the central nervous system (e.g, epilepsy). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in this area appears to retard abnormal, paroxysmal, excessive discharge from central nervous system neurons. The diuretic effect of acetazolamide is due to its action in the kidney on the reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. The result is renal loss of HCO 3 ion, which carries out sodium, water, and potassium. Alkalinization of the urine and promotion of diuresis are thus affected. Alteration in ammonia metabolism occurs due to increased reabsorption of ammonia by the renal tubules as a result of urinary alkalinization. Placebo-controlled clinical trials have shown that prophylactic administration of acetazolamide at a dose of 250 mg every eight to 12 hours (or a 500 mg controlled-release capsule once daily) before and during rapid ascent to altitude results in fewer and/or less severe symptoms (such as headache, nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness, drowsiness, and fatigue) of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Pulmonary function (e.g., minute ventilation, expired vital capacity, and peak flow) is greater in the acetazolamide treated group, both in subjects with AMS and asymptomatic subjects. The acetazolamide treated climbers also had less difficulty in sleeping.

heart failureglaucoma

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY The mechanism of action of acitretin capsules is unknown. Pharmacokinetics Absorption Oral absorption of acitretin is optimal when given with food. For this reason, acitretin was given with food in all of the following trials. After administration of a single 50-mg oral dose of acitretin to 18 healthy subjects, maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 196 to 728 ng per mL (mean: 416 ng per mL) and were achieved in 2 to 5 hours (mean: 2.7 hours). The oral absorption of acitretin is linear and proportional with increasing doses from 25 to 100 mg. Approximately 72% (range: 47% to 109%) of the administered dose was absorbed after a single 50-mg dose of acitretin was given to 12 healthy subjects. Distribution Acitretin is more than 99.9% bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin. Metabolism (See .) Following oral absorption, acitretin undergoes extensive metabolism and interconversion by simple isomerization to its 13-cis form (cis-acitretin). The formation of cis-acitretin relative to parent compound is not altered by dose or fed/fast conditions of oral administration of acitretin. Both parent compound and isomer are further metabolized into chain-shortened breakdown products and conjugates, which are excreted. Following multiple-dose administration of acitretin, steady-state concentrations of acitretin and cis-acitretin in plasma are achieved within approximately 3 weeks. Elimination The chain-shortened metabolites and conjugates of acitretin and cis-acitretin are ultimately excreted in the feces (34% to 54%) and urine (16% to 53%). The terminal elimination half-life of acitretin following multiple-dose administration is 49 hours (range: 33 to 96 hours), and that of cis-acitretin under the same conditions is 63 hours (range: 28 to 157 hours). The accumulation ratio of the parent compound is 1.2; that of cis-acitretin is 6.6. Special Populations Psoriasis In an 8-week trial of acitretin pharmacokinetics in subjects with psoriasis, mean steady-state trough concentrations of acitretin increased in a dose-proportional manner with dosages ranging from 10 to 50 mg daily. Acitretin plasma concentrations were nonmeasurable (< 4 ng per mL) in all subjects 3 weeks after cessation of therapy. Elderly In a multiple-dose trial in healthy young (n = 6) and elderly (n = 8) subjects, a 2-fold increase in acitretin plasma concentrations were seen in elderly subjects, although the elimination half-life did not change. Renal Failure Plasma concentrations of acitretin were significantly (59.3%) lower in subjects with end-stage renal failure (n = 6) when compared with age-matched controls, following single 50-mg oral doses. Acitretin was not removed by hemodialysis in these subjects. Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions (See also boxed and .) In studies of in vivo pharmacokinetic drug interactions, no interaction was seen between acitretin and cimetidine, digoxin, phenprocoumon, or glyburide. Ethanol Clinical evidence has shown that etretinate (a r

severe psoriasis in adultspsoriasis

protein. Biochemical and pharmacological profile studies have demonstrated that adapalene is a modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization and inflammatory processes. However, the significance of these findings with regard to the mechanism of action of adapalene for the treatment of acne is unknown. Benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent with bactericidal and keratolytic effects.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Adapalene is a chemically stable, retinoid-like compound. Biochemical and pharmacological profile studies have demonstrated that adapalene is a modulator of cellular differentiation, keratinization, and inflammatory processes all of which represent important features in the pathology of acne vulgaris. Mechanistically, adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors but does not bind to the cytosolic receptor protein. Although the exact mode of action is unknown, it is suggested that topical adapalene may normalize the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells resulting in decreased microcomedone formation. Pharmacokinetics Absorption of adapalene through human skin is low. Only trace amounts (< 0.25 ng/mL) of parent substance have been found in the plasma of acne patients following chronic topical application of adapalene in controlled clinical trials. Excretion appears to be primarily by the biliary route.

INJECTION · INJECTABLE

Adenosine Receptor Agonists

atrial fibrillation

2009

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Portfolio: 525 approved products

Top TAs: Neurology, Cardiovascular, Oncology

Open Roles: 292 active jobs

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Pre-Launch69 (13%)

Launch5 (1%)

Growth2 (0%)

Peak18 (3%)

LOE Approaching81 (15%)

Post-LOE350 (67%)

525 total products

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Viatris (2)

Products & Portfolio (34)

Open Jobs (292)

Representante Médico – Estado de México

Sales Representative, Women's Health - Cincinnati, OH

Sales Representative, Women's Health - Louisville, KY

Associate Director, Medical Science Liaison – Respiratory US

Alternant(e) Assurance Qualité Produits et Validation H/F

QA Officer

Representante Médico – Queretaro

Senior Specialist, QA Quality Systems

Territory Manager, Eye Care – Washington, DC

Viatris Representative - Ağrı (Ankara)

Viatris Representative - CV (İstanbul - Anadolu Yakası)

Viatris Representative - CV (İstanbul - Avrupa Yakası)

OE / Continuous Improvement Specialist

Specialist, QA Operations, 2nd Shift

Director Market Access - Innovative products (m/f/d)

EMEA People Solutions Representative

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Facility Engineer

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